construction worker using a jackhammer while wearing NRR 27 ear plugs

NRR Ratings Explained: What the Numbers on Your Ear Plugs Actually Mean

Written by readymaxFebruary 16, 2026

Every pair of ear plugs, earmuffs, or hearing protection device sold in the United States has a number on the package: the NRR. You have probably seen it. NRR 22. NRR 27. NRR 33. But what does that number actually tell you? Let’s get into NRR Ratings Explained.

How much protection am I actually getting? The short answer: less than you think. The NRR is not a straightforward “this blocks X decibels of noise” number, and misunderstanding it is one of the most common mistakes workers make when choosing hearing protection.

This guide breaks down what the NRR means, how to use it to estimate your real-world noise exposure, how it compares to the SNR system used outside the United States, and how to pick the right rating for your job.

What Does NRR Stand For?

NRR stands for Noise Reduction Rating. It is a single number, measured in decibels (dB), that indicates how much a hearing protection device reduces noise under ideal laboratory conditions.

The key phrase there is “ideal laboratory conditions.” The NRR is determined through standardized testing (ANSI S3.19 or the newer ANSI S12.6) where the device is fitted perfectly on test subjects in a controlled acoustic environment. On a real job site, with sweat, movement, imperfect fit, and hair in the way, the actual noise reduction is lower.

That gap between the lab rating and real-world performance is something every worker should understand.

How to Calculate Real-World Noise Reduction

OSHA and NIOSH use different methods to estimate how much protection you actually get from a given NRR. Here is the most common calculation, which OSHA uses:

Step 1: Take the NRR number on the packaging.

Step 2: Subtract 7.

Step 3: Divide the result by 2.

That gives you the estimated real-world noise reduction in decibels.

Example with NRR 27 ear plugs (like PermaPlug):

(27 – 7) / 2 = 10 dB of estimated real-world reduction

So if you are working in a 95 dB environment with NRR 27 ear plugs, your estimated exposure drops to about 85 dB, which is right at the OSHA action level.

This might seem like a big gap from the advertised 27 dB, but it reflects the reality that most people do not achieve a perfect seal every time they insert ear plugs. Proper fit technique makes a significant difference, which is why learning to insert your ear plugs correctly matters almost as much as choosing the right NRR.

NIOSH uses an even more conservative estimate for ear plugs specifically: they recommend derating the NRR by 50% (multiply by 0.5) instead of using the OSHA formula. Under the NIOSH method, NRR 27 ear plugs would give you an estimated 13.5 dB of real-world reduction. The NIOSH approach builds in a larger safety margin, which is especially relevant for workers who are exposed to noise for full 8-hour shifts.

How Loud Is Your Job? Common Noise Levels

To know if your hearing protection is adequate, you need to know how loud your work environment is. Here are typical decibel levels for common tools and situations:

Under 85 dB (generally safe without protection):

  • Normal conversation: 60-70 dB
  • Vacuum cleaner: 70-75 dB
  • City traffic from inside a car: 80-85 dB

85-100 dB (hearing protection recommended or required):

  • Hand drill: 85-90 dB
  • Lawn mower: 85-90 dB
  • Shop vacuum: 85-90 dB
  • Belt sander: 90-95 dB
  • Circular saw: 90-100 dB
  • Tractor: 90-95 dB

100-115 dB (hearing protection required):

  • Table saw: 100-105 dB
  • Chainsaw: 105-115 dB
  • Jackhammer: 100-110 dB
  • Impact wrench: 100-110 dB
  • Nail gun: 100-110 dB
  • Angle grinder: 100-110 dB

Over 115 dB (hearing protection critical):

  • Hammer drill on concrete: 110-120 dB
  • Ambulance siren at close range: 120 dB
  • Gunshot: 140-170 dB

OSHA requires employers to provide hearing protection and implement a hearing conservation program when worker noise exposure reaches 85 dB averaged over an 8-hour shift. At 90 dB, engineering or administrative controls are required in addition to hearing protection.

What NRR Do You Need?

Your goal is to get your effective noise exposure below 85 dB. Here is how different NRR ratings perform across common noise levels, using the OSHA derating formula:

NRR 22 (estimated real-world reduction: 7.5 dB)

  • 90 dB environment → ~82.5 dB (adequate)
  • 100 dB environment → ~92.5 dB (not adequate)
  • Best for: light-duty tasks, lawn mowing, shop work under 95 dB

NRR 27 (estimated real-world reduction: 10 dB)

  • 95 dB environment → ~85 dB (adequate)
  • 100 dB environment → ~90 dB (marginal; okay for shorter exposure)
  • 110 dB environment → ~100 dB (not adequate alone)
  • Best for: general construction, power tools, manufacturing, most job sites

NRR 33 (estimated real-world reduction: 13 dB)

  • 100 dB environment → ~87 dB (adequate)
  • 110 dB environment → ~97 dB (marginal)
  • Best for: heavy equipment, chainsaws, extended high-noise exposure

For extremely loud environments over 105 dB, consider doubling up: wearing ear plugs under earmuffs. When you combine two devices, you do not add their NRR numbers together. Instead, take the higher NRR and add 5 dB. So NRR 27 plugs under NRR 25 earmuffs gives you an effective NRR of about 32, which translates to roughly 12.5 dB of estimated real-world reduction using the OSHA formula.

NRR vs. SNR: What Is the Difference?

If you buy hearing protection made in Europe or see products with international certifications, you may notice an SNR rating instead of (or alongside) the NRR. They measure the same thing, noise reduction capability, but they use different testing standards and different math.

NRR (Noise Reduction Rating): Used in the United States. Tested per ANSI S3.19 or ANSI S12.6. Measured in C-weighted decibels and subtracted from C-weighted noise measurements (or derated and subtracted from A-weighted measurements using the formulas above).

SNR (Single Number Rating): Used in Europe and internationally. Tested per EN 352/ISO 4869-2. Generally produces a higher number than NRR for the same device because of differences in the testing method and calculation.

A product rated NRR 27 might carry an SNR of 34. Those are not contradictory; they just reflect different measurement standards. You cannot directly compare NRR and SNR numbers or use the OSHA derating formula on an SNR value.

When in doubt, use the NRR number for any calculations related to OSHA compliance in the United States.

Why a Higher NRR Is Not Always Better

It might seem logical to always grab the highest NRR available, but overprotection can create its own problems:

  • Communication: If you cannot hear coworkers, warning signals, or equipment alarms, that is a safety hazard. Workers who feel isolated by their hearing protection are more likely to remove it or wear it improperly.
  • Comfort: Higher NRR devices often achieve their rating through a tighter seal or denser material, which can mean more ear canal pressure and discomfort over long shifts.
  • Compliance: The most protective ear plug in the world does nothing if your crew takes them out after 20 minutes because they are uncomfortable. The best hearing protection is the one people actually wear.

The ideal NRR brings your exposure below 85 dB without cutting you off from your environment. For most construction and manufacturing settings, NRR 25-30 hits that sweet spot.

What About Fit?

The NRR assumes proper insertion. With ear plugs, “proper insertion” means the plug is deep enough in the ear canal to create a complete seal. Most people do not insert ear plugs deeply enough, which is the single biggest reason real-world protection falls short of the lab rating.

Signs your ear plugs are not inserted correctly:

  • You can still hear conversations clearly at normal volume
  • The plug feels like it is sitting in the opening of your ear rather than inside the canal
  • The plug slides out or loosens on its own during work

Triple-flange designs (like PermaPlug ear plugs) have an advantage here: the graduated flanges create a seal at multiple points in the ear canal, so even if insertion is not perfect, you still get meaningful protection. This is one reason flanged plugs tend to perform closer to their rated NRR in real-world use compared to foam plugs that require precise rolling and insertion technique.

Frequently Asked Questions

Is a higher NRR always safer?

Not necessarily. You need enough protection to bring your exposure below 85 dB, but too much can prevent you from hearing important sounds like alarms, equipment warnings, or coworker communication. Match the NRR to your noise environment.

Do I add the NRR numbers together if I wear plugs and earmuffs?

No. Take the higher NRR of the two devices and add 5 dB. That is your combined effective NRR.

How often should I replace my ear plugs?

Disposable foam plugs are single-use. Reusable silicone or TPR plugs (like PermaPlug) last weeks to months with regular cleaning. Replace them when the material loses its flexibility or no longer creates a snug seal.

Can I use the same ear plugs for shooting and construction?

Yes, as long as the NRR is adequate for both environments. Gunshots produce 140-170 dB, which is extreme. NRR 27-33 ear plugs will help, but serious shooters often double up with plugs plus earmuffs.

What is the minimum NRR required by OSHA?

OSHA does not specify a minimum NRR. Instead, OSHA requires that the hearing protection you provide reduces worker exposure below 90 dB (or 85 dB for workers already in a hearing conservation program). The NRR you need depends on the noise level of your specific work environment.

What does “NRR 27 dB” mean in practical terms?

Under laboratory conditions, the device reduces noise by 27 decibels. In real-world use, OSHA estimates the actual reduction at about 10 dB using their derating formula. With proper fit technique, your actual protection will fall somewhere between those two numbers.

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The Definitive Guide to Retractable Hearing Protection

Written by readymaxFebruary 11, 2026

If you have ever left your ear plugs in the truck, fished around in your pockets for a pair that ended up covered in sawdust, or just gone without hearing protection because it was not worth the hassle, ReadyMax built its entire product line around solving that problem.

Every ReadyMax product uses the same core idea: attach hearing protection directly to the safety gear you are already wearing, so it is always within reach when noise levels spike. No searching, no forgetting, no excuses.

But ReadyMax makes five different products, and they are not interchangeable. Each one is designed for a specific type of gear and a specific work situation. This guide breaks down what each product does, how it works, and which one makes sense for you.

The Quick Comparison

Before we get into the details, here is the overview:

SoundShield Safety Glasses – Safety glasses with built-in retractable ear plugs stored in the temples. Best for anyone who needs both eye and ear protection and does not wear a hard hat.

RipCord Retractors – Compact retractable ear plugs that peel-and-stick to hard hats or safety vests. Push-button retraction, 15-inch tether. Best for hard hat workers who want a low-profile setup.

PlugsPockets – Retractable ear plugs housed inside reflective protective pockets. Peel-and-stick to safety vests or hard hats. 15-inch tether. Best for vest-wearing workers who want their plugs protected from dust and debris.

Zip-Outs – The most compact option. A thin adhesive strip that mounts inside your hard hat with ear plugs that zip in and out of a vinyl cover. Best for workers who want hearing protection that adds zero bulk to their helmet.

PermaPlug Ear Plugs – The reusable silicone ear plugs used across every ReadyMax product. Sold separately as replacements.

All ReadyMax hearing protection products are rated NRR 27 dB (SNR 34). They all use the same PermaPlug ear plugs, and those plugs are washable, reusable, and replaceable across every product in the lineup.

SoundShield Safety Glasses: Eye and Ear Protection in One

ReadyMax SoundShield Classic Safety Glasses with built-in retractable ear plugs

Attaches to: Nothing; they are the gear

Best for: Construction, woodworking, shooting, lawn care, manufacturing, DIY projects

SoundShield glasses are the flagship ReadyMax product and the only option that combines eye protection with hearing protection in a single piece of equipment. The ear plugs retract into the temples of the glasses when you do not need them. When noise picks up, pull them out, insert them, and keep working. When things quiet down, they retract back into the frame.

The lenses are polycarbonate, anti-fog, and scratch resistant. They block 99% of UVA and UVB rays and carry ANSI Z87.1-2020, CSA Z94.3-07, and CE impact certifications, which means they meet or exceed the safety standards required on most job sites in the United States, Canada, and Europe.

The ear plugs are tethered to the glasses with a 22 lb. test nylon cord. If an ear plug comes loose while you are working, it stays attached to the frame instead of falling onto a dirty shop floor or disappearing into the grass.

SoundShield Styles

ReadyMax offers several SoundShield models to fit different face shapes, work environments, and needs:

  • Classic: Wrap-around half-frame design with extensive side shield protection. Available in clear and grey lenses. The most popular model and the best all-around choice for construction and outdoor work.
  • Pro Series 1: Full-frame design for maximum coverage. Compatible with an optional EVA foam gasket for a sealed fit that blocks dust and fine particles. Best for dusty or debris-heavy environments.
  • Fit Over: Designed to fit over prescription eyeglasses. If you wear corrective lenses and need safety-rated eye and ear protection, this is the only option that does not require prescription safety lenses.
  • Men’s Sport and Women’s Sport: Streamlined styling for recreational use. Good for shooting ranges, yard work, and outdoor activities where you want protection without looking like you just walked off a job site.
  • Bi-Focal 2.0: Pro Series frame with a +2.0 magnification zone in the lower portion of the lens. For workers who need reading magnification to see gauges, labels, or small parts up close.

Who Should Choose SoundShield

Pick SoundShield if you need both eye and hearing protection and you do not wear a hard hat. They are the simplest solution: one piece of gear covers two OSHA requirements. They are also the best choice for recreational use (shooting, woodworking, lawn care) because they do not require any other equipment to function.

If you already wear a hard hat with a face shield, SoundShield may not be the best fit since you already have eye protection covered. In that case, look at the hard hat options below.

RipCord Retractors: Retractable Ear Plugs for Hard Hats and Vests

ReadyMax RipCord Retractors with retractable ear plugs for hard hats

Attaches to: Hard hats, bump caps, safety vests

Best for: Construction, manufacturing, forestry, any job where you wear a hard hat

RipCord Retractors are compact, spring-loaded retractable ear plug units that mount to your hard hat or safety vest with 3M peel-and-stick adhesive and Velcro. Each retractor spools out up to 15 inches of tether, which is enough slack to comfortably reach your ears and move your head freely. A push-button mechanism locks the cord when the plugs are extended, and the spring retracts them when you are done.

The key difference between RipCord Retractors and PlugsPockets is that RipCord Retractors do not have protective pockets. This makes them more compact and lower-profile, which is an advantage when mounting on hard hats where space is limited. The retractors sit flat against the surface and do not interfere with other gear.

Who Should Choose RipCord Retractors

Pick RipCord Retractors if you wear a hard hat and want the most compact retractable option. They are slightly better suited for hard hat mounting than PlugsPockets because of their smaller profile. If keeping your helmet setup streamlined matters to you, these are the way to go.

PlugsPockets: Retractable Ear Plugs with Protective Pockets

ReadyMax PlugsPockets retractable ear plugs with reflective protective pockets

Attaches to: Safety vests, hard hats, bump caps

Best for: Road work, construction, utility work, demolition, any vest-wearing job

PlugsPockets are essentially RipCord Retractors housed inside reflective protective pockets. They use the same push-button retractor mechanism with a 15-inch tether, the same 3M adhesive mounting, and the same PermaPlug ear plugs. The difference is the pocket itself: a durable reflective cover that protects the retractor and ear plugs from dust, debris, and moisture when not in use.

The reflective material is designed to match the reflective strips already on your safety vest, so they blend in with your existing gear. This matters in work environments where vest compliance is strict and anything that looks non-standard gets questioned.

Who Should Choose PlugsPockets

Pick PlugsPockets if you primarily wear a safety vest on the job and work in dusty or dirty conditions. The protective pocket keeps the ear plugs cleaner between uses, which matters when you are working around concrete dust, wood shavings, or road debris. They are also the better choice if visibility is a concern, since the reflective pocket material adds to your vest’s reflective coverage.

Zip-Outs: The Most Compact Hard Hat Option

ReadyMax Zip-Outs ear plugs installed inside a hard hat

Attaches to: Inside of hard hats and bump caps

Best for: Utility work, mining, any hard hat environment where you want zero external bulk

Zip-Outs take a different approach from the retractor products. Instead of mounting on the outside of your hard hat, they install on the inside. A thin adhesive strip sticks to the interior of your helmet so that the tethered ear plugs just barely protrude from the back. When you need them, unzip the vinyl cover, pull them out, and insert. When you are done, zip them back into the cover.

Zip-Outs are the smallest and lightest option in the ReadyMax lineup. They add almost no bulk to your helmet and do not interfere with face shields, earmuffs, headlamps, or any other equipment mounted on the outside of your hard hat.

The tether uses a 22 lb. test nylon retractable cord (the same as SoundShield glasses) with a long-life nylon zipper. The entire unit is dielectric (non-conductive), making it safe for electrical work.

Who Should Choose Zip-Outs

Pick Zip-Outs if you want hearing protection that is completely hidden inside your hard hat. They are the best choice when you need your helmet exterior free for other attachments, or when you just want the simplest, most compact option. They are also the most affordable ReadyMax product .

The trade-off: Zip-Outs do not have a spring-loaded retraction mechanism like RipCord Retractors or PlugsPockets. You manually zip the plugs back into the cover. It is a few extra seconds compared to the push-button retraction of the other products.

PermaPlug Ear Plugs: The Universal Replacement

ReadyMax PermaPlug reusable replacement ear plugs

Fits: All ReadyMax products

Every ReadyMax product ships with PermaPlug ear plugs pre-installed, but they do wear out over time. PermaPlug replacement ear plugs are a direct swap across the entire lineup: SoundShield glasses, RipCord Retractors, PlugsPockets, and Zip-Outs all use the same plug.

The plugs themselves are a two-piece co-molded design. The outer layer is soft TPR (thermoplastic rubber) for a comfortable seal, while the stiffer inner core makes insertion easy and consistent. The triple-flange shape fits a range of ear canal sizes without the rolling-and-squeezing routine that foam plugs require.

They are washable with soap and water, reusable for weeks or months depending on how often you use them, and recyclable when they finally wear out. When it is time to replace them, they twist off and on with a simple screw-post connection.

Head-to-Head: How to Decide

Here is a decision framework based on what gear you wear and where you work:

“I do not wear a hard hat.”

Go with SoundShield safety glasses. Pick the Classic for general use, Fit Over if you wear prescription glasses, or Pro Series 1 if you work in dusty conditions and want the gasket option.

“I wear a hard hat and want retractable ear plugs.”

Choose between RipCord Retractors (more compact, no pocket) or PlugsPockets (protective pocket, reflective material). If your job is dusty or dirty, go with PlugsPockets. If you want the lowest-profile hard hat setup, go with RipCord.

“I wear a hard hat and want the simplest, most affordable option.”

Go with Zip-Outs. They install inside the helmet, and stay completely out of the way.

“I wear a safety vest but not always a hard hat.”

PlugsPockets are designed for this. They mount directly to your vest with 3M adhesive.

“I already have ReadyMax gear and need fresh ear plugs.”

PermaPlug replacement ear plugs. One product fits everything.

What They All Have in Common

Regardless of which product you choose, every ReadyMax hearing protection product shares these features:

  • NRR 27 dB noise reduction (SNR 34 international rating): Enough protection for power tools, heavy equipment, chainsaws, firearms, and most industrial noise.
  • PermaPlug reusable ear plugs: Washable, replaceable, and interchangeable across all products.
  • Tethered design: Ear plugs stay attached to your gear. They cannot fall on the ground, get lost, or end up in a pocket full of screws.
  • 3M adhesive mounting (on hard hat/vest products): Installs in seconds, holds for the life of the equipment.
  • Dielectric construction (on hard hat/vest products): Safe for use around electrical hazards.
  • Patented designs: ReadyMax holds utility patents on these products.

Frequently Asked Questions

How loud is “too loud” for these ear plugs?

NRR 27 dB means these plugs reduce noise by approximately 27 decibels. As a general rule, they bring a 100 dB environment (chainsaw, table saw) down to about 73 dB, which is roughly the volume of a normal conversation. OSHA requires hearing protection when noise exposure exceeds 85 dB over an 8-hour shift. For extremely loud environments above 110 dB, you may need additional protection such as over-ear muffs on top of the plugs.

Can I use PermaPlug ear plugs from one product in another?

Yes. All ReadyMax products use the same PermaPlug ear plug. A replacement set works in your SoundShield glasses, RipCord Retractors, PlugsPockets, and Zip-Outs.

How long do the ear plugs last?

With regular cleaning (soap and water), PermaPlug ear plugs last weeks to months depending on frequency of use and working conditions. Replace them when the flanges lose their softness or no longer create a snug seal.

Are these OSHA compliant?

Yes. All ReadyMax hearing protection is NRR 27 dB rated, which meets OSHA hearing conservation requirements for most workplace noise exposures. SoundShield glasses also meet ANSI Z87.1-2020 for eye protection.

Can I mount RipCord Retractors or PlugsPockets on a hard hat AND a vest?

Yes. Both products use 3M adhesive and can attach to either surface. Some workers use one pair on their hard hat and a separate pair on their vest for redundancy.

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Foreign Object Debris Introduction

Written by readymaxJanuary 10, 2020
Foreign object debris (F.O.D.) is any object, material or substance in a place that it is not supposed to be creating a condition that can cause damage to individuals or equipment.  Foreign Object Damage (also FOD) is the damage caused by Foreign Object Debris.  While the term ‘FOD’ is most closely associated with the Aerospace industry, it also is present in construction, electronics, environmental, manufacturing and transportation.  From the FAA “As defined in AC 150/5210-24, Foreign Object Debris (FOD) Management, FOD is any object, live or not, located in an inappropriate location in the airport environment that has the capacity to injure airport or air carrier personnel and damage aircraft.”

Types of FOD

We’ve all seen litter on the freeway.  Whether a bag, piece of tire or bottle, it all can cause damage or accidents and it all is FOD.  If you have watched a NASCAR race, you’ve seen the tremendous effort by the cleanup crews to remove both debris and liquids from the track.  That FOD can cause even more accidents. In defining FOD the National Traffic Safety Board includes tools, rags, gloves, parts, pieces of broken equipment, paint chips, metal shavings, birds, and consumer products.  Whether it is being ingested in to an engine, cutting a fuel tank, or blowing out a tire, items out of place can create a serious and potentially deadly situation.
foreign object debris search
Foreign Object Debris search on a US Navy Ship
The sources of FOD include personnel, the environment, airport infrastructure, support equipment, airplane parts, and other debris.

Effects of FOD

A tragic incident is the case of Air France 4590.  While departing Charles de Gaulle International Airport the Concorde ran over a piece of titanium debris from a recently departed Continental DC-10, shredding a tire and slamming rubber debris into the plane’s fuel tank. The subsequent leak and fire caused the plane to crash, killing 109 people in the plane and four people on the ground. Beyond the rare tragic incidents, the effects on airline industry are huge.  The FAA requires the absence of FOD within contained spaces in the fuselage.  Inadvertent depositing of materials can cause expensive rework to equipment, slowing down construction and the production lines of manufacturers.  In active duty aircraft FOD causes accidents and damage resulting in significant rework or replacement.  Whether it is items ingested in to engines or broken equipment that damages tires, these pose potential safety issues and are scrupulously monitored by airlines.
foreign object debris - foam earplugs
Disposable foam earplugs are a common form of Foreign Object Debris

Costs of FOD

The replacement cost of a single 737 engine is in the $6-7 million range. Most of the damage occurs on runways, taxiways and aprons.  Lighter damage can lead to flight delays.  More serious issues will keep planes out of service and in need of more expensive repair and rework.  A plane out of service has large downstream effects including lost productivity from flight delays, missed connections and canceled flights.  The FAA estimates that the total costs of FOD to the airline industry exceed $4 billion annually.

Solutions

On aircraft carriers, prior to beginning flight operations, crews regularly do a shoulder to shoulder sweep of the flight deck to remove all debris.  With safety and reliability at a premium, they ensure that FOD is eliminated.  Military and civilian ground crews regularly check and remove FOD from runways, taxiways and aprons. There are measures that can be taken to reduce if not eliminate FOD. Training should engrain in workers awareness and attention to FOD.  When working in an area keep track of tools, parts, PPE and waste materials.  Tethering gear and equipment helps to keep it organized and prevent FOD.  Create checklists of items and verify that all items are accounted for.  Signage should be prominently placed in critical areas so that the awareness is reinforced.  See an issue, correct and/or report it.  
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Common Hearing Protection Mistakes

Written by readymaxDecember 21, 2019

Noise Induced Hearing Loss (NIHL) is a progressive, debilitating and preventable condition.  While every effort to protect yourself can be made, here are some common hearing protection mistakes.

Ignoring the problem

How many times have we seen children covering their ears around loud sounds, while adults blissfully absorb the full impact?  Might that be a clue?  Children’s higher sensitivity (and better hearing) are a clear indication of the short term pain/damage and the long term impact of exposure to loud noises.  And yet, we all ignore the problem.  Whether it is a night out at a loud concert or sporting event, or a half hour mowing the lawn, people ignore the problem.  NIHL damage is cumulative and the short bursts from power saws, pneumatic tools and chain saws over time can lead to hearing problems.  Of all of the possible hearing protection mistakes, ignoring the situation is the worst.

Ignorance

Hand in hand with ignoring the problem is ignorance. One of the biggest problems for individuals and companies is not knowing the level of exposure. Following are some charts that indicate the level of noise for various tools and activities:

 

Almost all common power tools produce higher than safe noise levels.  A decibel meter will reveal how loud a sound is.  A dosimeter gives a measure of how much exposure an individual is receiving.  There are now free Android and Iphone apps that can be downloaded.  (While these are not calibrated, they do provide a good estimate of the level of noise.)

In an industrial environment, proper calibration and analysis is critical to determining the actual exposure for employees.  That entails both using the correct measuring device and understanding the actual exposure while using equipment.  (As an example, a measurement next to a diesel engine is much different than the sound inside the operator’s cab).

One thing to remember is that according to the National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) the safe exposure threshold for sound is 85 db for 8 hours.  Each 3 db increase above that, halves the daily exposure limits.  The NIOSH daily limits at various volumes are outlined in the chart below:

 

As is illustrated at some sound levels, no exposure is safe.

Drowning out loud sounds with louder sounds

Using loud music to cover up loud sounds is not a solution.  It’s an even bigger problem.  Headphones or earbuds have the potential to deliver damaging sounds to your ears.  Limiting the usage and turning down the volume are two ways to address this issue.  If other people can hear your music, you are probably at risk of causing long term damage.  If you are around loud noises, use hearing protection, not noise to protect yourself.

Correct level of protection

Being aware of the noise environment, it is important to use the correct level of protection.  Zero protection should not be your first choice.  Thinking that in the short term when mowing the lawn or using a power tool, protection is not important, ignores the real risks.  Other than a real emergency, this should never be a fallback solution.

Secondly some sounds require dual protection.  If you are in an extremely loud environment, it might be important to use both plugs and earmuffs.  If dual protection is needed to reach the correct level of protection, then use it.

Third don’t overprotect.  If you need to take off your safety equipment to hear other employees, then you are probably using too much protection.   Realize, should you need to take off your equipment to hear, you are also less likely to hear safety warnings, or other dangers in your environment.

Proper us and fit

One of the biggest mistakes is improper use or fit.  The proper use of earplugs requires that they be securely fit in the ear canal.  If the plugs are not properly seated, they may provide almost no protection.  When muffs are used, you need to make sure that there is a tight seal as well around the ear.  Glasses and other equipment can cause leaks in the seal.  Again, without a proper fit the hearing protection is significantly compromised.

Replacing worn out equipment

If the muffler on your mower or chainsaw is broken, the level of noise is significantly higher.  The mufflers are designed for both proper operation and noise control of this equipment.  Replace them when they no longer function properly.  Similarly, when your hearing protection is worn out, it is time to replace it with new equipment.  Worn out plugs or muffs no longer provide the level or protection you need to safely operate in a loud environment.

Not realizing it is cumulative

When thinking about hearing protection it is important to remember that the damage is cumulative.  Each damaging exposure slowly reduces the quality of hearing.  While hearing aids allow for communication, they do not the entire range of sounds you once heard.  It is important to protect your hearing and avoid these common hearing protection mistakes.  Start today.

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PE Foam Earplugs: An Environmental Disaster

Written by readymaxDecember 16, 2019

Millions of American workers use and discard polyurethane foam earplugs every day believing that they are doing what is in the best interest of their health. While the use of this product is highly beneficial for a person’s hearing health, the discarded PU foam plugs ultimately become a serious health hazard for future generations of people who have no direct connection to these workers. In this article we will discuss the ongoing environmental challenges created by polyurethane as well as how eco friendly earplugs are starting to make a difference.

Everyone agrees that PU earplugs protect from the noise exposure risks of construction, industrial manufacturing, shooting, and motorsport. The PU single-use disposable ear plug remains the most common type of hearing protection in use today. Regrettably, hundreds of billions of these earplugs have ended up in public landfills and waterways since they were first introduced to consumers and industrial workplaces more than 40 years ago. As a point of perspective, a single company with 200 employees wearing single use earplugs will dispose of more than half a million single earplugs in landfill within a three year period. PU earplugs never biodegrade, and once buried in landfills the polyurethane ultimately leaches into the ground water tables.

 

Polyurethane is a synthetic polymer developed in the 1940s, that is often used to replaces rubber, paint, wood, or metals. Polyurethane is found in a wide variety of modern appliances, furnishings, paints, vehicle parts, foam insulation materials, glues, and shoes, among many other applications, and has the advantages of strength, durability and elasticity. Some of the polyurethane used can be recycled into other products, but it all ends as waste eventually. The environmental problem is that once it enters the landfill it could remain there almost indefinitely because nothing we know is able to metabolize and digest it (in other words, it is not biodegradable), and the chemical bonds within it are so strong they do not degrade readily. Polyurethane can be burnt, but this releases harmful carbon monoxide into the atmosphere, along with other toxic chemicals.

There are four categories of earplugs: single use, which are worn once and then replaced when workers reenter a noise area; multiple use, which can be used repeatedly and cleaned with soap and water; banded earplugs, which essentially are two foam earplugs held together by a plastic or metal band; and detectable earplugs, which can be used in environments where you need to be able to screen for foreign substances in the finished product. These are particularly useful in the food processing, tobacco, and paper industries.

Single-Use Earplugs 
Single-use, or disposable, earplugs are the most common type used today. They are popular because of their low cost, ease of use, and high level of comfort. There are different styles, ranging from the 35-year-old yellow PVC barrel earplugs to the latest contoured polyurethane (PU) foam earplugs.

PU earplugs were introduced in the 1980s and have taken over a significant share of the world ear plug market. PU plugs are soft, comfortable, easy to roll down for insertion, and available in a variety of different shapes, sizes, and colors. PU foam is also made in different densities, which means you can get a heavier ear plug that blocks out the maximum amount of noise (NRR 33 is the current max) or a lower density in a smaller shape that exerts less pressure on the ear canal. These are particularly useful for people who wear earplugs for extended periods of time or have smaller ear canals.

Multiple-Use Earplugs 
Reusable earplugs appeal to different types of users and companies. While they are significantly more expensive than disposable foam earplugs, over time they can actually be more economical. If wearers take proper care and maintain their multiple-use earplugs, the dollar spent on a pair can go a lot further than the pennies spent on each pair of single-use earplugs.

Multiple-use earplugs are typically molded with a semi-rigid stem and pliable flanges, so they don’t require rolling prior to insertion. They insert easily and can be quite comfortable for extended periods. Like disposables, most reusable earplugs used to be made of PVC, which has gotten bad press. It’s not a particularly environmentally friendly product, and many of these HPDs end up in a landfill.

Polyurethanes were first produced and investigated by Dr. Otto Bayer in 1937. Polyurethane is a polymer in which the repeating unit contains a urethane moiety. Urethanes are derivatives of carbamic acids which exist only in the form of their esters (Dombrow 1957). This structure can be represented by the following, generalized amide-ester of carbonic acid:

O R–O–C–NH2

Polyurethane foam is a subset of synthetic plastics.  The main properties of polyurethane foam include the ability to be easily molded into various shapes and the capacity to return to its original shape.  Polyurethane foam comes in three types:  flexible, rigid and viscoelastic (i.e. memory) foam.  These foams are typically either polyether or polyester based polyols, that are not considered to be biodegradable compounds and are obtained from petroleum based resources.

 

Considering the versatility of polyurethane foam, it is understandable that demand is going to continue to increase with increased usage and application.  At the global level, polyurethane foam utilization reached 8 million tons and was expected to reach 9.6 million tons by 2016.  In 2010, the top consumers included North America, Asia-Pacific and Europe, with 95% of the global demand.

 

The next question to consider is where all of this polyurethane foam ultimately ends up after it has served its purpose and is no longer of use to the consumer. The answer, in general, is either a landfill or the ocean.  An analysis conducted by Marcus Erikson and colleagues to estimate the amount of plastic pollution currently residing in the world’s oceans found that 92.3% of all samples collected contained plastic materials and of the visual surveys conducted, they identified that the most frequently observed larger plastics were synthetic polymer foams.

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Warning Signs of a Noisy Work Environment

Written by readymaxDecember 8, 2019

When thinking about noisy work environments, it is common to automatically think of occupations like road work, construction sites, or factories. Although, in reality these noisy work environments can be anywhere. According to Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA), in the matter of just one year, 22 million employees have been exposed to high and dangerous volumes of noise. After this statistic became clear, it was obvious something needed to be done about it. They have since been penalizing companies where hearing safety was not being considered and about $1.5 million in fines overall have been issued.

Signs That the Noise May be at Dangerous Levels

Warnings of high noise volumes may not be noticeable until after you exit the area and usually the signs of the area being too loud will show up later on in the day. Some signs may include ringing, humming, or pain in the ears which is one of the most common signs that you are in an area where ear protection is most definitely needed.

Sometimes even temporary hearing loss, where everything goes completely silent for a short amount of time can happen. Another sign could include having to speak at high volumes just so the person next to you can hear what is trying to be said, when they might only be a few feet away from you. If you have to speak loudly in order for someone to hear you when there is barely any distance in between, that is a clear sign that something is not right with the noise levels in the area.

Can this be Reversed After the Damage is Done?

NIHL, which stands for (noise induced hearing loss) can happen at any age from children to the elderly. The average spent on hearing loss disabilities yearly is estimated to be $242 million, which is an astronomical number when it could have been resolved with protection for the ears. Unfortunately, these signs can either take place immediately or in the future. Sometimes even surgery and/or hearing aids can’t fix or improve this type of hearing loss so it is extremely important to stay on top of the game and fix the issue before it’s too late.

Effects on a Person’s Mental and Physical Health

Can exposure to high level noise environments affect someone’s mental health? The answer to this is yes. Noise can cause numerous problems for your mental health. Some illnesses from high volumes of sound would include Hypersensitivity, insomnia, and even Coronary Artery Disease (CAD) which occurs in the major blood vessels of the heart and is not curable. A past study had actually shown that people who live or work in noisy environments are more likely to be admitted to a hospital for things like a stroke, cardiovascular disorders, and more because of the high noise volumes and the stress it causes on the body.

 

References:

Husten, Larry. “People Who Live Near Airports at Increased Risk for Cardiovascular Disease.” Forbes, Forbes Magazine, 8 Oct. 2013, www.forbes.com/sites/larryhusten/2013/10/08/people-who-live-near-airports-at-increased-risk-for-cardiovascular-disease/#46049bac4141.

Lisa, Packer. “Advocating for Hearing Health in a Noisy Work Environment.” Healthy Hearing, Advocating for Hearing Health in a Noisy Work Environment, 23 June 2016, www.healthyhearing.com/report/52661-Advocating-for-hearing-health-in-a-noisy-work-environment.

 “UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF LABOR.” Occupational Safety and Health Administration, United States Department of Labor, www.osha.gov/SLTC/noisehearingconservation/.

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Popular Mechanics Names SoundShield® “Innovation of the Month”

Written by readymaxAugust 18, 2016
We’re pretty excited about this!! Popular Mechanics selected our SoundShield® glasses as “Innovation of the Month” in their September 2016 edition. Popular Mechanics Magazine, which is considered by many to be the “Go To” source for innovative tools and new product reviews, recently named the ReadyMax® SoundShield® safety glasses with retractable hearing protection as the Innovation of the Month. Popular Mechanics is read by an estimated nine million readers each month and they chose the SoundShield® product as part of a review of various hearing protection products from a variety of manufacturers. The popular new product line, which includes numerous styles and lens colors, is gaining widespread usage for many commercial, industrial and DIY applications. The convenient pull-out and easily retractable ear plugs provide the convenience of always having your hearing protection with you when needed. We’re proud to receive such great recognition from this 100+ year-old industry stalwart. LINK: https://www.popularmechanics.com/home/tools/a22167/brilliant-safety-glasses-with-retractable-earplugs/
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DIY and Hobbyist Safety Tips

Written by readymaxJune 19, 2016

Accidents caused by DIY or hobbyist work lead to thousands of people ending up in the ER every single year. With the sharp increase in DIYers and hobbyists out there, it is very important to keep safety at the top of your priority list. So, before you power up the table saw or scurry up your aluminum ladder to fix the gutters, here are some DIY and Hobbyist safety tips that could help you prevent a serious accident or injury.

Have a Clean Work Area For Improved Safety

This one is simple and should be the easiest thing in the world for any DIYer to implement. If you keep your work area clean and clear of clutter, you will be less likely to have an accident. Whether you are working in the shop or doing yard work, clean up the area before you start working. Besides the safety benefit, it is also much more enjoyable to work in a clean space!

The 4 to 1 Rule For Safe Ladder Placement

 

It’s simple. For every 4 feet of ladder height, move the base of the ladder an additional 1 foot from the wall it is resting on. Never use a ladder without reading all warnings and instructions that it came with. Also, make sure that the ladder you are using is the best ladder for the job. The last thing you want to do is put yourself high above the ground only to have to stretch even higher to reach the work area. If the ladder isn’t tall enough, skip the project until you have the proper equipment!

Avoid Unnecessary Fashion Accessories

Things like watches, rings, bracelets, necklaces, etc can be a real hazard when operating machinery or power tools. We hear a lot of talk about wearing baggy or loose clothes when operating power tools, but we rarely hear about accessories. If it dangles away from your body, take it off before working.

Include a First Aid Kit in Your Inventory of Tools

 

No workshop should ever be without a proper first aid kit. Make sure it is stocked with bandages, anti-bacterial ointment, gauze, and other important items. Keep it easy to access as well. Wouldn’t be much good buried beneath a mountain of other stuff, would it?

For Style AND Safety, Incorporate Better Looking Safety Gear

I know this one seems silly, but there are some very fashionable Safety Glasses out there that you will be more likely to actually use because you don’t feel like a doofus wearing them. The worst safety accessory you could possibly have is the one you won’t use.

DIY and hobbyist safety precautions shouldn’t be any different from general safety precautions. Common sense goes a long way. A great rule to follow is that if something feels in any way unsafe with something you’re working on, stop and reassess the situation. Figure out a safer way of doing the job. With proper safety precautions, we urge everyone to continue tackling jobs around the house and yard!

 

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OSHA Rules for Eye and Face Protection Have Been Updated

Written by readymaxMay 10, 2016

New OSHA rules for eye and face protection were published in the US Federal Register on March 25, 2016. Affected companies–which include all employers operating in general industry, shipyards, longshoring, marine terminals, and construction–should reference the full text of the Federal Register as well as the updated consensus standard which has been incorporated by reference, ANSI/ISEA Z87.1-2010 – Occupational and Educational Personal Eye and Face Protection Devices.

Changes are summarized in a media release from MSA Safety (Doc. ID: 0300-05-MC, April 2010). Noteworthy excerpts with underlined formatting for emphasis:

  • Users will need to be educated on matching the hazard from which they need protection with the marking on the product.The Z87 ASC also made efforts to harmonize with other eye and face protection standards used around the world. Many of the tables in this standard reflect this effort to harmonize with global standards.
  • Extended side protection. Spectacles with thin temples (metal frame or thin plastic) will require side shields if they do not pass the extended side coverage requirements.
  • In Z87.1-2003 protective products are marked as providing “Basic” or “High Impact” protection. In the Z87.1-2010 standard, the products are either non-impact or impact protectors. Products marked as impact protectors must pass all high-impact testing requirements and will be marked as “Z87+”. Non-impact protectors are those which do not pass all high-impact testing requirements and are therefore marked only with “Z87” (no “+” sign).
  • In the Z87.1-2003 standard, protective products are defined as primary and secondary protectors; primary eye protection should be used under secondary protection (i.e., safety glasses must be worn under visors). This is changing in the Z87.1-2010 standard.

Manufacturers adhering to ANSI/ISEA Z87.1 will be keeping pace with new testing and marking specifications. That said, it takes time to deplete existing inventory, test, adapt, manufacture and distribute new models. Changes are gradual and that is precisely why OSHA is adopting the 2010 standard now, in 2016.

Companies can continue to distribute and use PPE determined by hazard assessment to adequately protect against site and task-specific hazards – even if it is marked according to the specifications of previous 1989 and 2003 versions of the ANSI standard.

As the useful service life of existing PPE requires replacement, companies should ask distributors to provide eye and face protection that bears the newly required markings. But first companies need to reassess and revise eye and face PPE recommendations with increased type, use, shade and filter specificity in mind.

OSHA “direct final rule” cadence incorporating industry requirements from prior years suggests future changes as the consensus evolves. Companies would do well now to consider the newer 2015 version of ANSI/ISEA Z87.1 while referencing the recently incorporated 2010 version.

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